Gaskets are critical sealing components designed to prevent leakage between two surfaces under various conditions, including temperature, pressure, and chemical exposure. Selecting the right gasket material ensures optimal performance and longevity. This guide explores key gasket materials, their applications, and corresponding temperature ranges.

1.1. Rubber (Elastomeric) Gaskets

• Materials: Nitrile (NBR), EPDM, Silicone, Neoprene, Viton
• Applications:
  • Nitrile (NBR): Excellent for oil, fuel, and hydrocarbon applications (e.g., automotive, industrial machinery).
  • EPDM: Suitable for steam, water, and weathering resistance; used in HVAC and outdoor applications.
  • Silicone: Ideal for high-temperature and food-grade applications, such as ovens and food processing equipment.
  • Neoprene: Versatile for refrigeration and moderate oil resistance.
  • Viton: Exceptional chemical resistance, suitable for aggressive environments with hydrocarbons, acids, and solvents.
• Temperature Ranges:
  • Nitrile: -40°F to 250°F (-40°C to 121°C)
  • EPDM: -60°F to 300°F (-51°C to 149°C)
  • Silicone: -100°F to 500°F (-73°C to 260°C)
  • Neoprene: -50°F to 250°F (-46°C to 121°C)
  • Viton: -15°F to 450°F (-26°C to 232°C)

1.2. Compressed Non-Asbestos (CNAF)

• Applications: Widely used in industrial applications with steam, water, mild chemicals, and gases. Common in pipelines, refineries, and chemical processing.
• Temperature Range: -100°F to 750°F (-73°C to 399°C)

1.3. PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene)

• Applications: Excellent for chemical resistance in aggressive environments, including acids, bases, and solvents. Common in chemical processing, pharmaceuticals, and food industries.
• Temperature Range: -328°F to 500°F (-200°C to 260°C)

2. Metallic Gasket Materials

2.1. Spiral-Wound Gaskets

• Applications: High-pressure and high-temperature applications, such as refineries, power plants, and pipelines.
• Materials: Typically made with stainless steel and a filler (e.g., graphite or PTFE).
• Temperature Range: -320°F to 2000°F (-196°C to 1093°C), depending on filler material.

2.2. Ring-Type Joint (RTJ)

• Applications: Designed for high-pressure applications, especially in oil and gas pipelines and drilling equipment.
• Materials: Stainless steel, soft iron, or other alloys.
• Temperature Range: -450°F to 1300°F (-268°C to 704°C)

2.3. Metal Jacketed Gaskets

• Applications: Heat exchangers, autoclaves, and boiler applications.
• Materials: A metal core (e.g., stainless steel, copper) with a soft filler (e.g., graphite, ceramic).
• Temperature Range: -400°F to 1600°F (-240°C to 870°C)

3. Semi-Metallic Gasket Materials

3.1. Graphite Gaskets

• Applications: Ideal for high-temperature and high-pressure environments; commonly used in steam systems and chemical processing.
• Temperature Range: -400°F to 900°F (-240°C to 482°C) in oxidizing conditions; up to 5432°F (3000°C) in non-oxidizing conditions.

3.2. Kammprofile Gaskets

• Applications: Used in heat exchangers, compressors, and reactors where high seal integrity is required.
• Materials: Metal core with soft-facing layers (e.g., graphite or PTFE).
• Temperature Range: -328°F to 1800°F (-200°C to 982°C)

4. Specialty Gasket Materials

4.1. Ceramic Gaskets

• Applications: Extreme high-temperature applications, such as kilns and furnaces.
• Temperature Range: Up to 2300°F (1260°C)

4.2. Mica-Based Gaskets

• Applications: High-temperature environments, particularly in exhaust systems and turbines.
• Temperature Range: Up to 1832°F (1000°C)

4.3. Fiber-Based Gaskets

• Materials: Cellulose, aramid, or other synthetic fibers
• Applications: Low-pressure applications, including water and oil seals in automotive and industrial equipment.
• Temperature Range: -40°F to 400°F (-40°C to 204°C)

Selection Guidelines

When selecting a gasket material, consider:

1. Operating Temperature: Ensure the material withstands both the minimum and maximum temperature of the system.
2. Pressure Ratings: Match the gasket to the system's pressure requirements.
3. Chemical Compatibility: Use materials resistant to the fluids or gases in the system.
4. Application Environment: Account for mechanical stresses, thermal cycling, and required seal integrity.

Proper selection and installation of gaskets are essential for safety, reliability, and efficiency in any application. For advanced solutions, consult with our specialists to match your unique application needs.