Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) has become increasingly common. Statistics show that over nine in 10 North American retailers now use the technology. RFID readers, for instance, allow retailers and other businesses to implement a convenient access control system. Rather than using a traditional lock and key, many retailers and businesses prefer an RFID-based access control system.
Overview of RFID Readers
AN RFID reader is a device that uses radio waves to communicate with other devices. Most RFID readers consist of an antenna, a transceiver and a circuit board. The antenna scans the surrounding environment for radio waves. The transceiver allows the RFID reader to receive radio waves from other devices. The circuit board or “control unit” is the computer that processes received data.
RFID readers can be classified as fixed or mobile. Fixed RFID readers are stationary. They are mounted to a specific location, such as a door or machine. Mobile RFID readers, on the other hand, are not stationary. As their name suggests, they are mobile and can be moved.
RFID readers offer many benefits, including the following:
- Doesn’t require a direct line of sight
- Allows for automatic inventory tracking (no manually scanning products)
- Improved security for access controls
- High level of accuracy
RFID Readers vs Tags
RFID readers are used in conjunction with tags. Tags are devices that transmit radio waves to RFID readers. When placed close together, an RFID reader will pick up the radio waves sent by the tag. The RFID reader will then process this data for purposes such as inventory tracking or access control.
There are passive tags, and there are active tags. Passive tags lack an internal power source, meaning they don’t constantly transmit radio waves. Active tags, on the other hand, feature an internal power source that’s always on. Because they lack an internal power source, passive tags rely on the power from an RFID reader to transmit radio waves, resulting in a shorter range.
RFID Frequency Ranges
While all RFID readers and tags use radio waves to communicate with each other, they are available in different frequency ranges. Some of them use a low frequency, whereas others use a high or ultra-high frequency.
Low frequency RFID, such as 125 to 134 kHz, is typically used for short-range communications. It’s a popular choice for access controls. High frequency RFID, such as 13.56 MHz, offers medium range communications. It’s commonly used for contactless payment systems and public transit passes. There’s also ultra-high frequency, such as 860 to 960 MHz, which is used for inventory tracking and toll collection.